domenica 27 gennaio 2019

Farmaci per abbassare il colesterolo contro il tumore al seno: la scienza dice si!


Due studi scientifici effettuati entrambi in Europa le cui conclusioni sarebbero avvenute a distanza di tre anni l’uno dall’altro, avrebbero evidenziato un dato importante. L’uso delle statine, i noti farmaci utilizzati per abbassare i tassi di colesterolo nel sangue, avrebbero un ruolo protettivo contro il cancro, fatto questo già evidenziato in precedenti studi, ma,nello specifico, tale ruolo sarebbe ascritto anche al cancro al seno.

In passato s’era giunti ad una conclusione più o meno prossima a questa, ma non v’era adeguata evidenza scientifica in quanto non si era in grado di determinare con precisione la distribuzione e la frequenza della malattia a largo raggio sulla popolazione interessata. Così come i precedenti studi, sia pure importanti, non erano ancora degni di totale menzione scientifica in quanto effettuati su una popolazione presa a riferimento eccessivamente esigua. Il primo studio che per primo pare abbia individuato l’associazione con le statine e la riduzione del cancro al seno è stato quello condotto in Scozia su 15.140 pazienti con carcinoma mammario invasivo le cui diagnosi si riferiscono al periodo 2009/2012. I risultati di questo lavoro scientifico scozzese non ha dato i risultati sperati, in quanto l’utilizzo delle statine prima e dopo la diagnosi ha dato poche modificazioni circa l’esito della malattia. Anche se i ricercatori non escludevano che chi si sottoponeva all’utilizzo di statine, potesse trarre benefici, al punto che continuare gli studi, affinando anche le tecniche degli stessi, poteva essere una strada percorribile e da attuarsi.

Lo Studio Scientifico Svedese conclusosi lo scorso anno

Il successivo studio scientifico condotto in Svezia, logica prosecuzione degli studi precedenti, avrebbe per prima cosa analizzato le criticità degli studi scientifici che l’hanno preceduto, suggerendo che se da un lato le statine potrebbero essere associate alla cessazione della progressione del cancro al seno, prevenendo anche le recidive, dall’altro non si avevano sufficienti prove di questo importante ruolo svolto da questi farmaci.

Il motivo secondo il quale i precedenti lavori scientifici non erano giunti in maniera certa a questa conclusione, a detta dei ricercatori svedesi, è dato dalla dimensioni ridotte della popolazione che si era sottoposta allo studio. Limite questo superato dal lavoro scientifico svedese che ha coinvolto una popolazione femminile più ampia, ovvero costituita da ben 20.559 donne tutte con diagnosi di tumore al seno in un periodo di tempo abbastanza lungo,ovvero dal 2005 al 2008. Ebbene stavolta i risultati sembrano molto più confortanti, in virtù del fatto che sarebbe stata evidenziato come l’uso regolare, non sporadico, di statine assunte prima della diagnosi è associato ad un minore rischio di decessi correlati al cancro al seno. Allo stesso modo si sarebbe stabilito che l’uso di questi farmaci assunti dopo la diagnosi sarebbe associato a minori decessi a causa del tumore, rispetto a coloro che con la stessa neoplasia non avevano assunto statine.

Conclusioni finali

Possiamo oggi affermare in tutta serenità che l’uso di statine, almeno rispetto al cancro al seno, migliori la prognosi e diminuisca i decessi? I ricercatori sono ancora cauti, anche se non escludono che ciò possa accadere, quando asseriscono che l’uso di statine sia protettivo per quanto concerne la mortalità da questa temibile malattia. Resta da capire meglio perché ciò accade e per questa ragione gli studi continuano e se ne stanno allestendo anche dei nuovi per poter concludere in totale sicurezza che le statine son ottimi alleati per sconfiggere la grave malattia.

Bibliografia e riferimenti


Borgquist S, Broberg P, Tojjar J, Olsson H. Statin use and breast cancer survival - a Swedish nationwide study. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5263-z. PMID: 30634941

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