mercoledì 8 maggio 2019

Arriva il sonnifero che ti fa svegliare in caso di incendio della stanza

Sono davvero tanti i pazienti che, a causa dell’insonnia, sono costretti ad assumere sonniferi in genere. Sono così tante queste persone alle prese con problemi tutte le notti con il sonno che non arriva, che le Case farmaceutiche si sono attrezzate nel tempo con molecole farmacologiche sempre più perfezionate e studiate in modo da indurre il sonno a quei pazienti refrattari ad ogni cura. Ma uno dei più gravi problemi che questa classe di farmaci pone è il seguente: cosa succede se il paziente sotto l’effetto di un sonnifero non si sveglia neanche di fronte ad un allarme che mette a repentaglio la propria stessa vita?

La domanda è quanto mai legittima, perché non sono proprio rari i casi di persone che di fronte ad un allarme incendio non sono riusciti a scappare perché caduti in un sonno profondo. Così come le cronache ci dimostrano, ci sono quelli che non hanno neanche provato a sventare un’aggressione in quanto non si sono svegliati nonostante fossero stati aggrediti. Stessa cosa in caso di terremoto o qualsivoglia altra emergenza notturna. E che accade a quei genitori caduti in un sonno profondo che non sono in grado di recepire i lamenti del proprio bambino nel cuore della notte?
Un pericolo non da poco, che i ricercatori stanno vagliando al punto da ricavare una nuova classe di farmaci, fino adesso allo studio, in grado certamente di fare addormentare l’insonne, ma al contempo metterlo nelle condizioni di svegliarsi di fronte ad un pericolo alla stregua di quanto farebbe chiunque dormisse senza aver assunto sonniferi. I risultati dello studio son stati pubblicati su 'Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience' e riguardano l’utilizzo di un farmaco sperimentale denominato Dora-22. L’utilizzo di questa molecola, qualora trasformata in farmaco di utilizzo comune, induce il sonno alla stregua di un sonnifero, ma in caso di pericolo da la possibilità al paziente di svegliarsi e di riaddormentarsi ad allarme cessato. Fino adesso la sperimentazione è avvenuta sui topi e pare che i risultati siano quanto mai incoraggianti. Per ricordare il funzionamento di un ipnoinduttore, un sonnifero insomma, ricordiamo come si comportano le benzodiazepine, ovvero i sonniferi più in uso.
Queste, "stimolano il recettore cerebrale diffuso Gaba-A, cosa che ci rende sonnolenti, ma sopprimono anche aree del cervello diverse", inclusa quella "che decide quali input sensoriali elaborare", spiega il professor Tomoyuki Kuwaki dell'Università Kagoshima in Giappone. Nell'ultimo decennio per ovviare a questo problema i ricercatori hanno sviluppato una nuova classe di farmaci ipnotici, chiamati antagonisti del recettore delle doppie orexine


Fonte: Pharmakronos

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